Vibratory tool for operating bone sets, bone chisels, and bone nail drivers



Oct. 20, 1953 E. J. HABOUSH 2,655,921

VIBRATORY TOOL FOR OPERATING BONE SETS, BONE CHISELS, AND BONE NAIL DRIVERS Filed July 9, 1951 |NvENToR. EDWARD J. HABoUsH Hls AT TQRNEYS.

Patented Oct. 20, 1953 VIBRATORY TOOL FOR OPERATING BONE SETS, BONE CHISELS, AND BONE NAIL DRIVERS Edward J ..Haboush, Bgrooklyn, N. Y. Application July 9, 1951, Serial No. 235,836

2 claims. (o1. 128;-305) This invention relates to tools for use in bone surgery and it relates particularly to a vibratory tool for operating surgical instruments such as bone sets, bone chisels, bone nail drivers and the like.

The instruments heretofore used in bone surgery have been relatively crude, considering the high development of such surgery. Practically all bone surgery such as bone shaping, cleaning, bone setting and the driving of bone nails, has been accomplished manually with tool-s much like those used in ordinary woodworking operations. The skill required for the use of such manually operated instruments must be of a very high order and even under the best conditions it is inevitable that the results are not always all that might be desired.

The present invention overcomes to a large degree the lack of manual dextrity in bone surgery by providing a vibratory tool which enables many different operations to be accomplished merely by guiding the tool as it is driven by means of an external power source.

More particularly, the invention comprises a device having a novel chuck arrangement for receiving any one of several different types of cutting, sawing, and hammering tools orV the like. The tools are vibrated byV means of a power operated hammer which can be driven by a selfcontained power Ysource or a power Source connected to the instrument by means of a flexible shaft. The chuck used in the instrument is of a type which retains the tool securely but allows the tool to vibrate endwise inresponse to impact. The tool is normally biased outwardly with respect to the hammer so that it is not Vibrated by the hammer until pressure is brought to bear against the end of the tool. When the tool is displaced inwardly by pressing it against a bone, nail or the like it moves into the path of the hammer so that the tool is struck by the hammer` and is vibrated endwise vto cut, saw or hammer, depending upon the type of tool being used in the instrument.

The provision of the instrument of the type referred to above frees the -surgeon of the necessity ofcontrolling the extent of cutting by striking or otherwise manually manipulating the tool and permits him to observe more closely and carefully the actual'cuts and other operations being made so that his skilland knowledge may be used to their greatest advantage. v

For a better understanding of the present invention, reference may be had to Ytheaccompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a typical vibratory -tool embodying the present invention with a portion of, the chuck broken away toA d'isclose'details thereof;

Fig. 2 is a view in longitudinal section taken on line.22 of Fig. 1 with a handle for the tool shown in full lines;

Fig. 3 is a View in elevation of the tool ing chuck of the vibratory tool; and

Fig. 4 is a view in section taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 2.

The tool chosen for purposes of illustration may includea tubular barrel or casing I@ which issuitably knurled` on its exterior to afford a good grip thereon. The casing I0 has a sleeve or extension `Il ofreduced diameter at its lefthand end, the sleeve-forming the internal member of the chuck for receiving a `tool T, such as the chisel shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The tool T has a cylindrical shank l2 which fits in the bore receiv- I3 in the sleeve i l and is long enough to extendl into the larger bore i4 within the casing IIJ.

TheY tool T also has diametrically extending.

pins l5 and l5 near it-s forward end, these pins being. adapted to be received in a slot ll on each sideof the sleeve l I. As shown in Fig. 1, the slot Il has two parallel portions I3 and I9' connected by a transverseportion 20 thereby makingthe slot generally of llat Z shape. The portions I8 and 2t ofthe slot are, in effect, a bayonet sloty and the portion I9 is an exten-sion from the laterally displaced end of the bayonet slot. y

The sleeve H carries a retaining chuck sleeve 2! of tubular formation having an inturned end flange 22 which bears against the exterior of the sleeve H at a portion 23 thereof of reduced diameter. The flange 22, as shown in Fig. 3, has diametrically spaced notches 24 and 25 therein to permit the pins i5 and I6 to pass through the notches and enter the lateral extensions 20'- of the bayonet slots. The sleeve 2| also has lugs 24a and 25al which partially block the lateral extensions when the sleeve'2l is in a forwardv po sition.

In order to attach a tool the sleeve 2lv must be pulled back to move the lugs'24a-and 25abehind the lateral extensions so that the pin can move along the slot sections 20 into alignment with the notches 24 and 25 andthe slots I8. When the sleeve .2i is moved forwardinto the position shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the lugs 24a and 25a prevent the pins on the tool from rotating out o-f alignmentwith the extensions 'i9 and being released inadvertently from them.

The tool isl normally urged outwardlylfby means oi a ring. member 2l which is slidable upon the reduced portion 23 of the extensionv ll and is urged normally outwardly by 'means'of the helical spring 28 which bears "against the ringf'Z'l and the shoulder 252' at thev innerend `ofthe reduced section 23. The ring 21 abuts against the pins l5 and I6 .and urges them toward the outer ends of the slotextensions i9.

' The sleeve 2iis retained on the extension-and is made more easily movable by means of a collar 3 3U and a screw 3I threaded into yopenings in the collar and sleeve and extending into a groove 32 in the extension II.

The tool T can move lengthwise of the extension with the pins I5 and I6 moving along the g Y ally from the outer end of said sleeve to receive slot extensions I9 so that when pressure is exerted on the outer end of the tool, the inner end Y of the shank I2 enters the bore I4 where it mayv be struck by a hammer 33 slidable lengthwise of the bore I4. The hammer 33 is yof.. cylindrical shape and has a longitudinal groove 34 therein to receive a screw 35 extending from the barrel into the groove to prevent rotation of the hammer.

The hammer 33 is reciprocated by means of a shaft 3B which isrotatably mounted in a bushing 3I threaded into the right-hand end of the casing Ie and carrying an anti-friction bearing 38 to facilitate rotation of the shaft. The shaft is provided with an enlarged coupling 39 for connection with a coupling on the end of a exible shaft (not shown). The sheath of the flexible shaft may be received detachably in a chuck 40 like the chuck at the opposite end of the casing.4

The chuck il is mounted on an extension 4I having Van internally threaded cup shaped end portion d2 which is threaded on the bushing 3'I and aids in positioning the anti-friction bearing 38 therein.

The hammer 33 has a central bore 134 into which the end of the shaft 3S extends. The end of the shaft carries a. cam member 5 having a helical cam surface .1&6 interrupted by a step 47. The cam surface ed faces toward the right-hand end of the tool as viewed in Fig. 2. The hammer carries a complementally shaped cam member 88 on the inner end of a tubular sleeve 49 which is threaded into the right-hand en d of the hammer bore 44.

The hammer is normally urged to the left by means of a helical spring' bearing against the sleeve 49 and the bushing 3l.

In operation, the shaft 33 is connected to a exible shaft or other power sourceV and rotates continuously. As the shaft rotates, the cam thereon forces the hammer to the right and then releases it for movement to the. left by means of the spring 5e as the steps on the cams pass each other. The hammer, therefore, is vibrated continuously during the operation of the tool. Un.- less'pressure is applied to the tool T, the Vtoo1 is not in engagement wither in the path of, the hammer and is not, vbrated or struck thereby. This affords a safety factor in the operation of the tool because there is much less danger of being cut or otherwise injured by the tool if' it is not Vibrating when not being actually used in surgical operations.

As shown in Fig. 2, the tool may be provided with e pistol grip handle-5I or the handle may be omitted and the tool or the instrument used like' a pen for closely controlled Work,

It will be understood that the tool is formed of rust resistant. materials such as stainless steel or the like to enable the tool to be sterilized Without rusting and that it may be made of a convenient size for the purpose desired.

Therefore, the form of the invention disclosed herein Should be considered illustrative and not as limiting the scope of the following claims.

1 claim:

l. AY vibratory toolfor operating bone sets,

bone chisels, nail drivers and the like comprising a tubular casing; a' chuck at one end of said 4 casing to receive a tool detachably with the inner end `of said tool extending into said casing, said chuck including `a tubular sleeve on said casing having diametrically opposite generally Z` shaped slots extending inwardly and then later= pins projecting radially from a tool shank, said slots having `longitudinal extensions at their inner lateralk ends to guide said pins and too-l for lengthwise movement, a chuck sleeve member slidably mounted on'said sleeve and having a peripheral ange engaging said sleeve and notches in said flange in alignment with the outerv ends of said slots to admit said pins, a ring member slidable between said sleeve and said chuck sleeve member to engage said pins, and spring means betweensaid' sleeve and said chuck sleeve member and engaging said ring and urging it outwardly to bias said tool toward the outer ends of said slot extensions; a hammer member reciprocable in said casing toward and away from said chuck, means in said casing to urge said hammer member toward said chuck, a rotary member in said casing to be driven by an exterior source of power, means on said shaft and said hammer member for moving said hammer member away from said chuck and releasing the hammer member for movement toward said chuck, said urging means in said chuck normally maintaining said tool -out of engagement with said hammer and being compressible to bring said tool into a position to be struck by said hammer as it moves toward said chuck.

2. A vibratory tool for operating bone sets, bone lchisels, nail drivers and the like comprising a tubular casing; a chuck at one end of said casing to receive a tool detachably with the inner Vend of said tool extending into said casing, said chuck including a tubular sleeve on said casing having diametrically opposite generally Z-shaped slots extending inwardly 'and then laterally from the outer end of said sleeve and having longitudinal extensions at their inner lateral ends to receive pins projecting radially from'a tool shank and guide said pins and tool for lengthwise movement, a chuck sleeve member slidably mounted on said sleeve and having a. peripheral ange engaging said sleeve and notches in said ange in Valignment with the outer endsV of said slots to admit said pins, means tovengage said pins and urge them toward the outer ends of said slot extensions, and meanson said chuck sleeve member to releasably retain said pins in said Vslot extension; a hammer member reciprocable in said casing toward and away from said chuck, means in said casing to urge said hammer member toward said chuck, means in said casing for moving said hammer member away from said chuck and releasing the hammer member for movement toward said chuck, said urging means in said chuck normally maintaining said tool fout of engagement with said hammer and being'oompressible to bring said tool into a position to be struck by said 4hammer as it movesl toward said chuck, and means to con- 4nect the hammer moving means to a source of powerffor actuating it. f

EDWARD J. HABOUSH.

Number. K. VName Y Y Date Y. 352,456 Foersternsnru-n--- Nov. 9, 1886 

